What is the purpose of the National Commission established in 1974?

The correct answer focuses on the establishment of ethical guidelines for research involving humans, which was a significant objective of the National Commission created in 1974, known as the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. This Commission was created in response to ethical concerns stemming from past research abuses, including the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. It aimed to ensure that human subjects participating in research were protected and that research practices were conducted ethically. The Commission's work led to the development of key ethical principles, which are framed in the Belmont Report, emphasizing respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

The focus of this answer highlights the importance of safeguarding human rights in studies, reflecting a crucial aspect of research ethics and establishing fundamental moral standards for researchers. Understanding these ethical guidelines is vital for anyone involved in clinical research to ensure the dignity, rights, and welfare of participants are upheld throughout the research process.